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Part I – Content KnowledgeSocial StudiesPakistan & Sindh

Social Studies: History, Geography and Civics of Pakistan and Sindh

Key dates in the Pakistan Movement, the Indus civilisation, history of Sindh, physical geography and basic civics.

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History of Sindh

  • Mohenjo-daro – major city of the Indus Valley Civilisation (c. 2500 BCE), in Larkana District; a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980.
  • Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh in 712 CE; Sindh is called Bab-ul-Islam (gateway of Islam to the subcontinent).
  • Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689–1752) – great Sufi poet of Sindh; his poetry is collected in Shah Jo Risalo.
  • Sindh was separated from the Bombay Presidency in 1936.
  • The Sindh Assembly was the first provincial assembly to pass a resolution in favour of Pakistan (3 March 1943).

Pakistan Movement

  • All-India Muslim League founded – 1906, Dhaka.
  • Allama Iqbal's Allahabad Address – 1930.
  • Lahore Resolution (Pakistan Resolution) – 23 March 1940.
  • Independence – 14 August 1947; Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor-General; Liaquat Ali Khan the first Prime Minister.
  • Constitutions: 1956, 1962, 1973 (current).

Geography

  • Pakistan has four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan), plus Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir with their own arrangements.
  • Indus – longest river of Pakistan.
  • K2 (8,611 m) – highest peak in Pakistan, second highest in the world.
  • Karachi – capital of Sindh and largest city; main seaport.
  • The Equator is 0° latitude; the Prime Meridian is 0° longitude.