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21 notes
Part IMathematics
Mathematics: Key Facts, Formulas and Solved Examples (Grades 1–10)
Number system, fractions, percentages, ratio, mensuration, basic algebra and statistics with solved examples.
Part IGeneral Science
General Science: Cells, Matter, Force, Energy and the Human Body
Essential concepts from the Sindh curriculum for General Science: living things, matter and its changes, force and motion, energy and the human body.
Part ISocial Studies
Social Studies: History, Geography and Civics of Pakistan and Sindh
Key dates in the Pakistan Movement, the Indus civilisation, history of Sindh, physical geography and basic civics.
Part IEnglish
English: Parts of Speech, Tenses, Voice, Narration and Vocabulary
Grammar essentials tested in content-knowledge MCQs: parts of speech, subject–verb agreement, articles, prepositions, voice and reported speech.
Part IUrdu
اردو: بنیادی قواعد – اسم، فعل، صفت اور مترادفات
Urdu grammar basics: kalimah types (ism, fail, harf), sifat, tazkeer–taneez, wahid–jama and important literary titles.
Part IIMethods of Teaching
Instructional Strategies: Teacher-Centred vs Student-Centred Approaches
Core teaching methods (lecture, demonstration, discussion, inquiry, project, heuristic), the maxims of teaching and how to choose between teacher-centred and student-centred approaches.
Part IIMethods of Teaching
Questioning, Cooperative Learning, Bloom's Taxonomy and NPST Pakistan
Effective questioning and wait time, the essential elements of cooperative learning, the revised Bloom's Taxonomy, and the 10 National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan.
Part IIFoundations of Education
Philosophical and Ideological Foundations of Education
Branches of philosophy, the major schools of educational philosophy (idealism, realism, naturalism, pragmatism, existentialism) and the ideological basis of education in Pakistan.
Part IIFoundations of Education
Sociological, Psychological and Historical Foundations of Education
Education as socialisation, agencies of education, the psychological basis of teaching, and key milestones in the history of education in the subcontinent and Pakistan.
Part IIChild Development
Principles of Development and Cognitive Theories: Piaget and Vygotsky
General principles of growth and development, Piaget's four stages and key concepts, and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory with classroom implications.
Part IIChild Development
Erikson, Kohlberg, Bronfenbrenner and Children with Special Needs
Erikson's eight psychosocial stages, Kohlberg's moral reasoning, Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems, common special educational needs and age-appropriate teaching strategies.
Part IIEducational Psychology
Learning Theories: Behaviourism, Cognitivism, Constructivism and Humanism
Classical and operant conditioning, Thorndike's laws, social learning, Gestalt and information processing, constructivism and the humanistic approach – with classroom applications.
Part IIEducational Psychology
Motivation, Maslow's Hierarchy and Individual Differences
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, attribution and mindset theories, intelligence and its measurement, Gardner's multiple intelligences and catering to individual differences.
Part IIClassroom Management
Classroom Environment, Physical Setup, Routines and Time Management
What classroom management means, creating a positive learning environment, seating arrangements, establishing rules and routines, and making the best use of instructional time.
Part IIClassroom Management
Managing Behaviour and Differentiated Learning
Kounin's management skills, models of discipline (Canter, Glasser, Dreikurs), dealing with misbehaviour, and differentiating instruction for diverse and large classes.
Part IIClassroom Assessment
Measurement, Assessment and Evaluation; Formative vs Summative Assessment
Key terms (test, measurement, assessment, evaluation), purposes and types of assessment, assessment for/of/as learning, norm- vs criterion-referenced interpretation and effective feedback.
Part IIClassroom Assessment
Rubrics, Portfolios, Performance-Based Assessment and Teacher-Made Tests
How to design and use rubrics, portfolios, performance and authentic assessment, self/peer assessment, and the characteristics of good teacher-made tests.
Part IITest Development & Evaluation
Principles of Testing, Validity, Reliability and the Table of Specifications
Steps in test construction, types of validity and reliability, factors affecting them, and how to build a two-way table of specifications (test blueprint).
Part IITest Development & Evaluation
Writing Good Items and Item Analysis (Difficulty, Discrimination, Distractors)
Guidelines for writing MCQs and constructed-response items, and how to calculate and interpret the difficulty index, discrimination index and distractor effectiveness.
Part IISchool, Community and Teacher
Culture, Socialisation and Social Institutions
Meaning and components of culture, cultural concepts (cultural lag, ethnocentrism, relativism), socialisation and its agencies, social groups and major social institutions including the school.
Part IISchool, Community and Teacher
School–Community Relationship and the Working Context of Teachers in Pakistan
Why and how schools work with parents and the community, School Management Committees, the realities of teaching in Pakistan, multigrade teaching, and the professional role and ethics of the teacher.