Part I – Content KnowledgeEnglishVocabulary
English Vocabulary: Idioms, Synonyms, Antonyms, One-Word Substitutes and Common Errors
High-frequency idioms, synonym/antonym pairs, one-word substitutions, phobias and manias, and the sentence errors most often tested.
Common idioms
- A piece of cake – very easy
- Once in a blue moon – very rarely
- Break the ice – start a conversation in an awkward situation
- Burn the midnight oil – work or study late at night
- Beat about the bush – avoid the main point
- Hit the nail on the head – say exactly the right thing
- Let the cat out of the bag / spill the beans – reveal a secret
- At the eleventh hour – at the last moment
- A blessing in disguise – something that seems bad but turns out good
- Cry over spilt milk – regret what cannot be changed
- A white elephant – a costly possession that is of little use
- Apple of one's eye – a person who is loved very much
- A red-letter day – a very important or happy day
- Turn a deaf ear – refuse to listen
- Bury the hatchet – make peace
- Under the weather – slightly ill
- Call it a day – stop working
Synonyms and antonyms
Word – synonym – antonym:
- Abundant – plentiful – scarce
- Benevolent – kind – malevolent
- Candid – frank – evasive
- Diligent – hardworking – lazy
- Frugal – thrifty – extravagant
- Obsolete – outdated – modern
- Prudent – wise, careful – reckless
- Transparent – clear – opaque
- Humble – modest – arrogant
- Lucid – clear – obscure
- Affluent – wealthy – poor
- Ephemeral – short-lived – permanent
- Augment – increase – diminish
- Meticulous – very careful – careless
- Hostile – unfriendly – friendly
One-word substitution
- Life story written by oneself – autobiography; by someone else – biography
- One who cannot read or write – illiterate
- Agreed by all – unanimous
- One who speaks two languages – bilingual; many languages – polyglot
- One who loves mankind – philanthropist; who hates mankind – misanthrope
- One who always looks at the bright side – optimist; the dark side – pessimist
- Disease spread over a whole country or the world – epidemic / pandemic
- That cannot be read – illegible; heard – inaudible; defeated – invincible
- Written by an unknown author – anonymous
- Born after the father's death / published after the author's death – posthumous
- Able to use both hands equally – ambidextrous
- Fit to be eaten – edible
- All-powerful – omnipotent; all-knowing – omniscient; present everywhere – omnipresent
- A beginner – novice; an experienced person – veteran
- Copying another's writing as one's own – plagiarism
- One who loves books – bibliophile
Phobias and manias
Phobia = abnormal fear. Mania = abnormal craze or obsession.
- Hydrophobia – water; Acrophobia – heights; Claustrophobia – closed spaces
- Agoraphobia – open or crowded public places; Nyctophobia – darkness
- Arachnophobia – spiders; Cynophobia – dogs; Ophidiophobia – snakes
- Glossophobia – public speaking; Aerophobia – flying; Xenophobia – foreigners
- Kleptomania – urge to steal; Pyromania – urge to set fires
- Megalomania – obsession with power or self-importance; Bibliomania – collecting books
Common errors (error detection)
- ✗ We discussed about the plan → ✓ We discussed the plan.
- ✗ One of my friend → ✓ One of my friends.
- ✗ Each of the students have → ✓ Each of the students has.
- ✗ The news are good → ✓ The news is good.
- ✗ He did not came → ✓ He did not come.
- ✗ He is senior than me → ✓ senior to me (also junior to, superior to, prefer A to B).
- ✗ I am living here since two years → ✓ I have been living here for two years.
- ✗ Despite of the rain → ✓ Despite the rain / In spite of the rain.
- ✗ Please return back the book → ✓ Please return the book.
- ✗ This is more better → ✓ This is better.
- ✗ The house comprises of five rooms → ✓ The house comprises five rooms.