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Part I – Content KnowledgeSocial StudiesClasses 4–5

Pakistan Studies (Classes 4–5): Maps, Our Country, Sindh, Government and Citizenship

Primary social studies of the Sindh curriculum: maps and directions, Pakistan's location, provinces and capitals, Sindh's divisions, crops and resources, national heroes, government and the rights and duties of citizens.

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Maps and the globe

  • Cardinal directions: north, south, east, west; intermediate: north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west.
  • A map has a title, key (legend), scale and direction arrow. The scale shows how map distance relates to real distance.
  • A globe is a model of the Earth. Lines of latitude run east–west (0° = Equator); lines of longitude run north–south (0° = Prime Meridian, through Greenwich).
  • Pakistan lies in South Asia, north of the Equator and east of the Prime Meridian.

Our country Pakistan

  • Neighbours: China (north-east), Afghanistan (north-west), Iran (west), India (east); the Arabian Sea lies to the south.
  • Provinces and capitals: Punjab – Lahore, Sindh – Karachi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – Peshawar, Balochistan – Quetta.
  • Other areas: Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan (Gilgit), Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Muzaffarabad).
  • Independence Day: 14 August 1947. Pakistan Day (Lahore Resolution): 23 March.
  • National language: Urdu. Flag: dark green with a white stripe; crescent and star – green for the Muslim majority, white for minorities.

Our province Sindh

  • Sindh has six divisions: Karachi, Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sukkur and Larkana.
  • Physical features: Kirthar Range (west), Indus plain (centre), Thar Desert (east), coastline and Indus Delta (south).
  • Climate: hot summers, mild winters, low rainfall; most rain comes with the monsoon (July–September).
  • Crops: rabi (sown in winter) – wheat; kharif (sown in summer) – rice, cotton, sugarcane. Fruits: mangoes (Mirpurkhas), dates (Khairpur), bananas (Thatta, Hyderabad).
  • Resources: Thar coal, natural gas, fish from the Arabian Sea, limestone.
  • Famous places: Mohenjo-daro, Makli necropolis (Thatta), Kot Diji fort (Khairpur), Ranikot fort, the shrines at Bhit Shah and Sehwan.

Our national heroes

  • Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah – founder of Pakistan; born 25 December 1876 in Karachi; studied at Sindh Madressatul Islam; first Governor-General; died 11 September 1948.
  • Allama Muhammad Iqbal – poet and philosopher; Shair-e-Mashriq; presented the idea of a separate Muslim state in his Allahabad Address (1930); born in Sialkot (1877), died 1938.
  • Liaquat Ali Khan – Quaid-e-Millat, first Prime Minister.
  • Fatima Jinnah – Madar-e-Millat (Mother of the Nation), sister of the Quaid.
  • Sir Syed Ahmad Khan – founded the school at Aligarh (1875) for modern education of Muslims.

Government and citizenship

  • Government has three organs: the legislature makes laws, the executive enforces them, and the judiciary interprets them and gives justice.
  • Levels: federal (Islamabad), provincial (e.g. Sindh Assembly, Karachi) and local (union council, town and district councils).
  • The head of state is the President; the head of government is the Prime Minister; a province is led by its Chief Minister, with a Governor as the federal representative.
  • Rights of a citizen: education, freedom of speech and religion, equality before the law, protection of life and property.
  • Duties: obey the law, pay taxes, vote, respect others' rights, protect public property and keep the environment clean.